40+ Most Used Ubuntu 20.04 Commands- Best In 2021

Most Used Ubuntu 20.04 Commands

The world of Ubuntu welcomes you and it’s able to grant you all the facilities over your system. However, being a newbie, you would possibly find its instruction Interface (CLI) a touch intimidating. tons of individuals find Linux tougher as an OS especially once they are coming from the comfort of using Windows or macOS.

Here we present the essential but vital Ubuntu commands to offer you an in-depth knowledge of the way to use your Linux terminal.

Commands used for System Information

date

The simple “date” command displays the current date and time (including the day of the week, month, time, time zone, year).
Syntax: date
Example:

a. TZ

By default, the “date” command uses the time zone defined in path “/etc/localtime”. Linux users can change the time zone via Terminal by using the command “TZ”.
Syntax: TZ=Name_of_Time_Zone date
Example:

TZ=GMT date

TZ=KSA date

b. –set

Linux allows its user to set the current date and time of the system manually.
Syntax: date –set=”Date_in_format(YYMMDD) Time_in_format(HH:MM)”
Example:

c. -d

To operate the system on a specific date, you can change the date by using “-d”.
Syntax: date -d Date_to_operate_system_on
Example:

date -d now
date -d yesterday
date -d tomorrow
date -d last-Sunday
date -d “1997-04-22”

df

The command “df” shows the amount of disk space used and disk space available on every file system containing each filesystem’s name and its path.
Syntax: df
Example:

a. df -h

The command “df -h” shows the same result as the command “df” but now the data is in a more human-readable form that can be easily comprehended by a new user.
Syntax: df -h
Example:

free

The command “free” displays the amount of free and used memory in the complete system.
Syntax: free
Example:

free

Ps

The command “ps” which is also known as process status command is used to provide information about the processes currently running on the system, including their respective process identification numbers (PIDs).
Syntax: ps
Example:

uptime

The command “uptime” provides information about how long the system has been running in one line. The result for this command includes the present time, the time duration system has been running for, the number of users who are currently logged on, and therefore the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and quarter-hour respectively.
Syntax: uptime
Example:

w

The command “w” displays detailed information about the users who are logged in the system currently.
Syntax: w
Example:

passwd

The command “passwd” stands for password and it is used to change the password of the user.
Syntax: passwd user_name
Example:

passwd my_user

exit

The command “exit” as the name says it is used to exit from the system and log out from the current user.
Syntax: exit
Example:

shutdown

The command “shutdown” is used to shut down the system.
Syntax: shutdown
Example:

Commands used for File Handling

mkdir

The command “mkdir” allows users to create directories/folders in the system. The user running this command must have suitable rights over the parent directory to create a directory or they will receive an error.
Syntax: mkdir New_Directory’s_Name
Example:

mkdir NewDirectory

Entering the command “mkdir NewDirectory” will create the directory named as NewDirectory in the current directory.

rmdir

The command “rmdir” allows users to get rid of directories/folders from the system. The user running this command must have suitable rights over the parent directory to get rid of a directory or they’re going to receive a mistake.
Syntax: rmdir Directory’s_Name
Example:

rmdir NewDirectory

Entering the command “rmdir NewDirectory” will remove the directory named as NewDirectory in the current directory.

rm

The command “rm” is used to remove files from the directory.
Syntax: rm file’s_name
Example:

rm Test_File

This above-mentioned command will remove the file “Test_File” from the Desktop directory.

mv

The command “mv” is used for two purposes

• To move files or directories from one path to another path in the system.
• To rename a file or folder.

a. “mv” to Move Files

Syntax: mv Source_File_name Destination_File_Name
Example:
Consider having two files in a directory (File1 and File2). Entering the command “mv File1 File2” will move the data of File1 to File2 and delete the source file(i.e. File1) from the system.

b. “mv” to Rename Files

Syntax: mv File_name New_name_for_file
Example:
Consider having two files in a directory (File1 and File2). Entering the command “mv File1 File_Rename” will rename File1 to File_Rename in the same directory.

cp

The command “cp” is employed to repeat data from a source file to the destination file. Its function is nearly just like the command “mv”. the sole difference is by using the command “cp” the source file isn’t far away from the directory after its data is moved to the destination file.
Syntax: cp source_file_name destination_file_name
Example:

cp A B

Consider having two files (A and B) in Desktop Directory. Entering the command “cp A B” will copy all the data from file A to file B and the user can still access both files (A and B).

cat

The command “cat” is a reverse of the command “tac”. It is used to display each line of the file starting from the first row and finishing on its last row.

This command is more frequently used than “tac”.
Syntax: cat file_name
Example:

cat Test_File

Consider having a file named Test_File as shown below, “cat” command will display its data on the screen.

cat File1 File2

Consider having two files (File1 and File2) in the Desktop directory. Via the above-mentioned cat command, the User can display data from both the files on their screen.

cat File1 File2 >File_Output

Consider having two files (File1 and File2) within the Desktop directory. Via the above-mentioned cat command the user can create a replacement file (File_Output) and append data from both the files (File1 and File2) into this new file named as File_Output by using operand “>”.

head

The command “head” prints the top N rows of data of the given input or file. By default, it prints the first 10 lines of the specified files.
Syntax:

head -n File_name

Example:

head -5 New_Test.txt

The above-mentioned command will only print the first 5 rows of the file New_Test.txt

tail

The command “tail” prints the last N rows of data of the given input or file. By default, it prints the last 10 lines of the specified files.
Syntax:

• tail -n File_name

Example:

tail -5 New_Test.txt

The above-mentioned command will only print the last 5 rows of the file New_Test.txt.

echo

The command “echo” is used to display any expression that is passed as an argument.
Syntax:
echo expression_to_be_displayed
Example:

echo user

This command displays the expression “user” on the screen.

grep

The command “grep” is used to search for a text in the specified file/folder.
Syntax: grep “expression_to_be_Searched” file_name_to_search_in
Example:

grep “Are” B

The above-mentioned command will search for the word “Are” in the text of file B.

zip

The command “zip” is used to compress one or more files and store them in a new file with a .zip extension.

Syntax: zip new_zip_file_name.zip
Example:

zip Files.zip Check.txt Test.txt Output.txt

The above-mentioned command will compress all three files (Check.txt, and Test.txt, and Output.txt) and store these in a new file which we’re creating through this command i.e. Files.zip.

unzip

The command “unzip” is used to decompress a .zip file and extract all the files within to current directory.
Syntax: unzip zip_file_name.zip
Example:

unzip Files.zip

Consider having a zip File named Files.zip with a compressed .txt file in it. The above-mentioned command will help you unzip the file (Files.zip) and extract the .txt file from it to the current directory.

sudo

The command “sudo -I” is used to continue the session as a root user which has a lot more privileges than a normal system user.
Syntax: sudo -i
Example:

Basic Linux Commands

history

The simple command “history” displays the list of all commands entered since the user started the session.
Syntax: history
Example:
Note: To clear all the previous history use command “history -c”.

help

The command of “help” helps you to learn about all the built-in commands.
Syntax: help

man

The command of “man” stands for manual and it is used to display the user manual of any built-in Linux command.
Syntax: man command_name
Example:

man vim

This command displays the user manual of the built-in Linux command “vim”.

dir

The command “dir” stands for directory and it is used to display the list of all directories or folders in the current directory.
Syntax: dir
Example:

ls

The command “ls” displays the list of all directories, folders, and files present in the current directory.
Syntax:

• ls
• Ls -ltr

Example:

ls

The above-mentioned command displays the name of directories, folders, and files

ls -ltr

The above-mentioned command displays the name of directories, folders, files with their respective owner name, group names, and rights your user has over these.

 

cd

The command “cd” stands for change directory and it is used to change the current directory user is operating in via Terminal.
Syntax:

• cd destination_directory’s_name (to move forward from your current directory to the next directory within the current directory)
• cd .. (to move back in the previous directory from your current directory)

Example:

cd Desktop

This command takes you from Directory /home/user to the destination directory which is /home/user/Desktop.

Note: You cannot only use cd when the destination directory is within your current directory.

 

cd ..

This command takes you from directory /home/user/Desktop back to /home/user.

pwd

The command “pwd” displays the path of the current directory user is operating in via Terminal.
Syntax: pwd
Example:

clear

The command “clear” is to clear the screen of Terminal.
Syntax: clear
Example:

clear

Before

After

whereis

The command “whereis” is self-explanatory, as it displays the path where the package for specific built-in Linux commands locates.

Syntax: whereis command_name
Example:

whereis zip

whereis help

whereis cat

whatis

The command “whatis” is also self-explanatory, as it displays a brief description of what is the functionality of specific built-in Linux command.
Syntax: whatis command_name
Example:

whatis cat

whatis help

whatis zip

With this, we wish you all the luck for your journey with Ubuntu! you’ll find the OS difficult initially, however with the commands and directions given above, you’ll save tons of your time. a robust grip over the Linux Terminal is what makes the user dominant over the system.